Do nursing home patients have any bedding options

The federal law says "clean and comfortable" for a mattress. Then there are state and local fire codes about flammability and of course the needed federal mattress tag. State health departments may require a moisture proof cover and demand disposal at the mere sight of a stain or crack. More complicated than I thought.

Pam, wouldn't a bedbug/water resistant mattress protector or pillow case suffice?

All you need is an Rx from your doctor for any adaptive mattress or pillow and then Medicare should cover it. I have seen patients bring in their favorite pillow or quilt; it MUST be something washable and bedbug resistant.