Like JessieBelle said, there are signs and symptoms. If there's an infection the person will run a fever, possibly be lethargic, and the urine may smell abnormal.
But nurses and aides can't diagnose their patients. A Dr. will have to diagnose and prescribe the appropriate antibiotic.
Tena make little diagnostic kits that go inside diapers. They're only a first line check but I (family caregiver, not professional) found they work pretty well.
They should know what signs to look for and collect a sample for a test if it is needed. It might not be a bad idea to have routine checks on elders who are incontinent. I don't know how this is managed.
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But nurses and aides can't diagnose their patients. A Dr. will have to diagnose and prescribe the appropriate antibiotic.
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Why do you ask, HillyDilly? What's happened?